A new study highlights the importance of integrating healthcare systems, services, and population health to address inequality in the way people receive medical care. Historically, these areas have been studied separately, but researchers now recognize that they are interconnected and that combining them can lead to a better understanding of how healthcare affects different groups of people. By looking at the relationships between healthcare system design, service provision, and population health outcomes, scientists hope to identify ways to improve access to care for marginalized communities and promote more equitable healthcare systems.